Modernism



**What is modernism? **  Modernism, in its broadest definition, is modern thought, character, or practice. More specifically, the term describes both a set of cultural tendencies and an array of associated [|cultural movements], originally arising from wide-scale and far-reaching changes to in **[|Western society] ** the late 19th century and early 20th century.



**What is it called in different countries? **

** Art Nouveau flourished in a number of European countries, many of which developed their own names for the style. Art Nouveau was known in France as style Guimard, after French designer Hector Guimard; in Italy as the stile Floreale (floral style); stile Liberty, after British Art Nouveau designer Arthur Lasenby Liberty; in Spain as Modernisme; in Austria as Sezessionstil (Vienna Secession); and in Germany as Jugendstil. **

 When did it start and why?

 Some historians see the evolution of Modern architecture as a social matter, closely tied to the project of [|Modernity] and thus [|the Enlightenment]. The Modern style developed, in their opinion, as a result of social and political revolutions. [|[1]]

 **<span style="color: #444444; font-family: inherit,serif;">Melnikov House near [|Arbat Street] in [|Moscow] by [|Konstantin Melnikov]. ** <span style="line-height: 15.9pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 18.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; vertical-align: baseline;">**<span style="color: #444444; font-family: inherit,serif;">Others see Modern architecture as primarily driven by technological and engineering developments, and it is true that the availability of new building materials such as [|iron], [|steel] , and [|glass] drove the invention of new building techniques as part of the [|Industrial Revolution]. **

<span style="line-height: 15.9pt; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 36pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; vertical-align: baseline;"> <span style="color: #444444; font-family: inherit,serif;">What are its main characteristics?

** § <span style="color: black; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">an adoption of the principle that the materials and functional requirements determine the result **

§ <span style="color: black; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">an adoption of the machine aesthetic § <span style="color: black; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">an emphasis of horizontal and vertical lines § <span style="color: black; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">a creation of ornament using the structure and theme of the building, or a rejection of ornamentation. § <span style="color: black; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">a simplification of form and elimination of "unnecessary detail" § <span style="color: black; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">an adoption of expressed structure § <span style="color: black; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Form follows function